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Important cell populations reside inside tissues and should not accessed by conventional blood attracts used to monitor the immune system. To handle this difficulty at a vital barrier tissue, the skin, we created a microneedle-based technology for longitudinal sampling of cells and interstitial fluid, enabling minimally invasive parallel monitoring of immune responses. Solid microneedle projections were coated by a cross-linked biocompatible polymer, which swells upon skin insertion, forming a porous matrix for local leukocyte infiltration. By embedding molecular adjuvants and particular antigens encapsulated in nanocapsules inside the hydrogel coating, antigen-particular lymphocytes will be enriched in the recovered cell inhabitants, allowing for subsequent detailed phenotypic and practical analysis. We reveal this method in mice immunized with a mannequin protein antigen or infected within the skin with vaccinia virus. After vaccination or infection, sampling microneedles allowed tissue-resident reminiscence T cells (TRMs) to be longitudinally monitored in the pores and skin for many months, throughout which time the antigen-particular T cell inhabitants in systemic circulation contracted to low or undetectable counts. Sampling microneedles didn't change the immune standing of naïve or antigen-uncovered animals. We also validated the flexibility of cell sampling utilizing human skin samples. This strategy could also be helpful in vaccines and immunotherapies to temporally question TRM populations or as a diagnostic platform to sample for biomarkers in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, permitting data previously accessible solely through invasive biopsies to be obtained in a minimally invasive manner from the pores and skin or other mucosal tissues.
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發表於 2025-8-17 23:22:28