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The capillary bed constitutes the obligatory pathway for nearly all oxygen (O2) and substrate molecules as they go from blood to individual cells. As the largest organ, by mass, skeletal muscle comprises a prodigious surface area of capillaries that have a important function in metabolic homeostasis and must assist energetic necessities that enhance as much as 100-fold from relaxation to maximal exercise. In 1919 Krogh’s three papers, revealed in the Journal of Physiology, brilliantly conflated measurements of muscle capillary function at relaxation and through contractions with Agner K. Erlang’s mathematical mannequin of O2 diffusion. These papers single-handedly modified the perception of capillaries from passive vessels serving on the mercy of their upstream arterioles into actively contracting vessels that were recruited during exercise to elevate blood-myocyte O2 flux. Although seminal features of Krogh’s mannequin have not withstood the check of time and subsequent technological developments, Krogh is credited with helping found the sector of muscle microcirculation and appreciating the position of the capillary mattress and muscle O2 diffusing capability in facilitating blood-myocyte O2 flux.
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